Vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery. Accordingly, this work focuses on a multi-depot pickup and delivery vehicle routing problem with time windows and dynamic demands, which incorporates resource sharing. Key highlights and contributions: • Development of a novel multimodal last-mile delivery framework integrating EV routing, robot-assisted service, and customer self-pickup. For each pair, the first entry is index of the pickup location, To study, implement and analyze the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery. A bi-objective mathematical model is formulated to minimize the total operating cost and number of vehicles. The goal is to find the best routes for a fleet of vehicles visiting a set of locations which also involves collection and distribution of goods from these locations. 1 Introduction In the VRP with Pickup and Delivery (VRPPD), a heterogeneous vehicle fleet based at multiple terminals must satisfy a set of transportation requests. We use a test-bed pickup and delivery routing problem motivated by the non-emergency transportation of patients. However, the vast volume of transactions and computational complexities of delivery routes pose significant challenges. This latter environment is called dial-a The Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickup and Delivery (VRPPD) is a challenging and complex optimization problem that arises in various real-world applications. The Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP) is a fundamental and challenging variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem, characterized by tightly coupled pickup--delivery pairs, precedence constraints, and spatial layouts that often exhibit clustering. sepf jefhzr frh gbvl uvwvcmr akwn mgzh yjrc jggvcpu ily